apmbOD;}uD;ajymqkdaomrdefhcGef;
9 / 10 / 1948 ckESpf
apmbOD;}uD;onf 0ef}uD;csKyfocifEkESifhwuGzqyvacgif;aqmifrsm;ukd
pdwfylyefjcif;r&Sdap&eft
rdsK;rdsK;\*wdjyKI(1948)ckESpf atmuf wkdbmv(10)&ufaehwGif&efukef+rdKh
tvkkHrpf&Sifvrf;&Sd
u&iftrdsK;om;rsm;uvyfYaehv,fpm pm;yJGwckusif;y+yD;vsSif
atmufygrdefhcGef;w&yfukdajymqkdavonf?
xkdxrif;pm;yJGokdh
ekdifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyfESifhwuG &Srf;/csif;/ucsif/jrefrm/rGef/acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhwuGu&ifeDacgif;aqmif rsm;wcsdKhvnf;
wufa&muf=uonf?apmbOd;}uD;.ajymqkdcsufrsm;onf pdwfylyefa&mufae=u
aom
jynfaxmifpkacgif;aqmif rsm;tm;pdwfoufom&ma&mufapcJhonf/apmbOD;}uD;.rdefh=um;csufrSmatmufygtwkdif;jzpfonf?
,aeh aehvnfpmpm;yJGwGif
(Bishopwest)bD;a&Shm0uf(p)ajymwJh pum;wckukdoGm;+yD;owd&ygw,f/
"xrif;;pm;wJh
tcsdefb,fawmhrS&efrjzpfbl;" vkdhajymw,f/ ",QK'DvkdauGs;arG;&wm[mvnf;&efrjzpfatmifauGs;wmvnf;jzpfw,f"/ [k &Darm
umtpcsD+yD;vsSifqufvufajym=um;a=umif;-
ocifEkESifhusaemfausG;arG;wJhxrif;[m&mZ0iftawmf&Snfom;bJ/tpuawmh[kdu&ifArmt"du&k%f;upwmbJ/*syefacwfuvJGvkdh
ocifEkESifhusaemf[mvlcsif;cyfvSrf;vSrf;ubJaechJ=uygw,f/ vyGwWme,frSm u&ifArmt"du&k%f;jzpfawmhr,fvkdh
owif;awGjzpfyGm;wJhtcg ocifEkuusaemfhukdpma&;ac:+yD;
vyGwWm okdhoGm;+yD; w&m;a[majymzkdhta&;}uD;a=umif; ajymawmh usaemfoabmwlvkdufw,f/
bma=umifhoabmwlovJqkdawmh (t}uHwl&efol-tusdK;wlrdwfaqG)
qkdwJhpum;twkdif; t"d u&k%f; rvkdvm;wJhtusdK;uwlaewmukd;/ u&ifArmt"du&k%f;awmhb,fenf;eJhrSrjzpf&bl;qkd+yD;
usaemfwkdhoGm;=uwJhtcg apmom'if/ref;*sdrf;xGef;atmif/qrm;'l;0g;qifaemif/OD;0rf;olarmifwkdhvnf;yg=uygw,f?
(7)&uftwloGm;rdwJhtcg
ocifEkESifh usaemf[m em;vnfr_,kH=unfr_&Sdvm+yD; ykdrkd&if;ESD;vm+yD;awmh
rdwfaqG&if;}uD; jzpfvm=uwmygbJ?
paumhwvefjynf
[kdif;vif'g;vlrsdK;rsm;[m {nfhonfrdwfaqGrsm;ukdausG;arG;wJhtcg qm; ygavh&Sdw,f/ tJ'D qm; ukd pm;wJhvl[m b,fawmhrSraumif;r}uHtyfbl;vkdh
t,l&Sdygw,f/ Armjynfawmifay:om;rsm;uvnf;ol hxrif;ukdpm;+yD;qkd&if b,fawmhrSol
hukd raumif;r}uHpnftyfbl; qkdwm&Sdygw,f/ ajrnDrSmvnf;bJ "cifAsm;ukdusaemfrjypfrSm;bl;/cifAsm;ausG;wJh
xrif;[musKyfvnfyif;rSm&Sdygao;w,f" qkdwJhpum;eJ haus;Zl;&Sifukd
aus;rpGyfaumif;bl; qkdwJhpum;ykHrsm;vnf;&Sdygw,f?
(7)&uf=umrSsc&D;xGuf=upOftcgrSm
ocifEkuusaemfhukdausG;arG;wJhaus;Zl;&Sdygw,f/ ocifEku usaemhftdrfukd=uGvmvkd
aomfvnf;tdrfuwJukwfuav;jzpfvkdhrzdwf=um;cJh&ygbl;/,cktcgusaemfzdwf=um;vkdhusaemhfwJukwfokdhocifEka&mufvm+yD;,cktcgrSmvnf;ocifEkukdusaemfausG;&jyef+yD;/'g[mwOD;ukdwOD;&if;ESD;pGmausG;&wJhxrif;&mZ0ifbJ?
usaemf[m=uGm;rajymvkdygbl;/
ArmjynfwGif;rSmtawmftESHtjym;a&mufbl;w,f/ jynfyrSmqkd&ifvnf; ta&Shzuf/
taemufzufESifhajrmufzufwkdif;jynfrsm;odk h a&mufzl;w,f? 'Dvkda&mufzl;wJhtwGuf
"ukd,fh'l;awmifukd,fr,kHbl;"qkdwJh Arm pum;ykHwckudkpOf;pm;rdw,f/ ukd,fh'l;awmifrSukd,fr,kH&iftjcm;olukd,kH&rSmvm;/wkdif;&if;om;tcsif;csif;[mukd,fh'l;jzpfygw,f/
tjcm;vlqkdwmut*Fvdyf/tar&duef/w&kyf?&k&Sm;/pwJhekkdifiHom;rsm;jzpfygw,f/'Dawmhusaemajymvkdwmur,kH&bl;ukdtm;rukd;oifhbl;/usaemfvnf;tm;rukd;bl;/cifAsm;wkd
hvnf;tm;rukd;=uygeJ h?
EkdifiHjcm;om;wa,mufu
cifAsm;wkdhwkdif;jynfukdrtkyfcsKyfcsifygbl;/(ukeful;vkdwmbJ)[kusaemfhukdajymbl;ygw,f/ trSef
rSmawmhjynfyuvlawG[m ukefonfawGcsnf;ygbJ/ ukefonfqkdayrJhukefonf&kd;&kd;r[kwfbl;/
ukefonfru tukef o,f rSm) ,ckwacgufolwkdhjynfvm&iftukefbJ?
usaemfwkd
h u&ife ,foD;oefhawmif;wm[m trsdK;rsdK;txifvJGcH&ygw,f/
wcsdKhut*Fvdyfvufatmufokdh jyef0ifcsifvkdh
xif=uao;w,f/ usaemfwkdh[m 'Davmufrtao;ygbl;/ olwkd h
ta=umif;usaemf ykdodw,f'ga=umifhcyf&Sif;&Sif;bJaecJhygw,f/ olwkd h ukdtm;rukd;ygbl;cifAsm;wkdhvnf;tm;rukd;ygeJ
h 'gwifruao;bll;/ usaemfwkdhvkdvm;wJh oD;jcm;e,ftwGufaqmif&GufwJh ae&mrSm
rw&m;b,fawmhrSrvkyfygbl;/w&m;vrf;&SdwJhtwkdif;
aqmif&GufoGm;rSmbJ?
usaemfwkdhu&iftrsdK;om;rsm;ukdvnf;today;vkdwJhtcsuf&Sdygao;w,f/
rdrdwkdhvkdcsifwJhoD;jcm;e,fawmh&Sd+yD; qkdygawmh
rdrdwkdh[m 'DoD;jcm;e,feJhwef&Jhvm;/ rwef&if
'DoD;jcm;e,fawmif;wm aumif;rvm;qkdwJh tcsufawGukdvnf; txl;pOf;pm;zkdh tcsufawG&Sdygw,f?
cifAsm;wkdh
u&ifawG[m'DoD;jcm;e,feJhwef&Jhvm;vkdhar;&ifwefw,fvkdhajym=uvdfrhfr,f/
cifAsm;wkdhe,fukd b,foltkyfcsKyf rvJar;vkdh&Sdd&ifu&ifbJtkyfcsKyfr,f/u&ifrSrtkyfcsKyf&ifb,fjzpfvdrfhrvJvkdhajym=uvdrfhr,f? cifAsm;wkdhe,fukd "g;jyvlqkd;awG tkyfcsKyf&if}udKufrvm;vkdhar;&ifr}udKufbl;vkdhajz=uvdrfhr,f/
cifAsm;wkdhukd,fwkdif"g;jyvlqkd;jzpfae&if 'DoD;jcm;e,fESifhwefrvm;/ rwefbl;qkd&r,f?
'ga=umifh usaemftoday;vkdwmu oD;jcm;e,feJhaevkd=u&ifoD;jcm;e,fESifhwefatmif
ae=uyg/ olckd;"g;jyrsdK;
jzpfae=u&ifawmhoD;jcm;e,fESifhrwefaybl;'gukdcifAsm;wkdhtxl;pOf;pm;yg?
rtlyifaiGwkdufukdazgufoGm;olrsm;[g
u&if(19)a,mufjzpfw,f/ pdwfraumif;ygbl;/'Dta=umif;eJh
ygwfouf+yD;awmh Oyrmav;wckajymjyvkdw,f/
ajrmif;jre,f
odyfvmqkdwJh&Gmw&GmrSmtouf(60)ausmf OD;vGef;aomfqdkwJhtzkd;}uD;wa,muf&Sdygw,f/om;orD;(12)
a,mufajr;jrpfawGvnf;&Sdygw,f/ olhrSmv,fenf;enf;vnf;&SdwJhtjyif toD;tESHpkdufysdK;xm;wJh
O,Ofvnf;&Sdw,f? 0uf/bJ/ =uufwkdhvnf;arG;xm;w,f? olh&Gmuvrf;qkHrSmuswJhtwGuf c&D;onfrsm;[g
rsm;aomtm;jzifhwnf;ckd=uwJhtcg c&D;onf wkdif;vkdvdkbJukd xrif;csufausG;w,f/
xl;jcm;csufwcku (toD;tESHrsm;rcl;&) qkdwJhpmom;a&;xm;w,f? ckd;vJrckd;&J=ubl;/
wu,fvdkh opfoD;ckd;wmrsm;awGh&ifawmh/ 'Dckd;wJhvlroufombl;/ aoG;xGufoH,kdjzpfatmifcsawmhwmbJ? usaemf[m tJ'D&Gm tzkd;}uD;tdrfa&mufawmh
{nfhonftjzpf acwWwnf;ckdpOf ol&kdufESufykHta=umif;rsm;ukd =um;&awmh ta=umif;odcsifwmeJh tzkd;}uD;em;uyf+yD;"zwD;opfoD;wvkH;avmufckd;wmeJh
bmta=umifh'gavmufjyif;jyif;xefxef&kdufESuf&wmvnf;"vkdh ar;awmh zwD;u "usKyfqENub,foljzpfjzpfolckd;rjzpfapvkdbl;/
olckd;wmukd=unfhaevkduf&if oltdfrfom;awGyg olckd;rsdK;jzpfukefvdrfhr,f/ olckd;rsdK;rjzpfvdkwJhapwemeJh&kdufwmygbJ" vkdhjyefajymw,f?
tJ'Dta=umif;av;awGawG;+yD;
rtlyifb%frSmjzpfwJhudpP[m u&ifuav; (19)a,mufqkdayrJh/
wa,mufwnf;vnf;
u&ifbJ/ (19)a,mufvnf;u&ifbJ/aiGvnf;renf;bl;/ 'DaiGawGudkjzefhvkdufwJhtcg
u&ifwrsdK;om;vkH;jyefhoGm;rSmbJ/jyefhoGm;&if u&ifwrdsK;om;vkH; olckd;rsdK;jzpfoGm;rSmbJ/
'ga=umifh olckd;rsdK;awG rjzpf&atmif aiG tpm;jyefqyfekdifatmif usaemfukd,fwkdif
a&ShaqmifjyKaqmif&GufzkdhjyXmef;vkdufyg+yD;/ wrsdK;om;vkH; "g;jyrjzpf&atmif
usaemfeJh autJef,lwrsdK;om;vkH;u 'DaiGukdqyf& rSmbJ? qyfr,fqkdwmuajymawmhvG,fw,f/
b,fvkdqyfrvJajymp&m&Sdw,f/ wjcm;vlu rqyfcif usaemfupwif vkyfjy+yD; qyf&rSmbJ/raehu'Dta&;ukdawG;+yD;wnvkH;tdyfvkdhr&bl;/usaemfuqyfp&mykdufqHawmhr&Sdbl;/v,f{u(1000)avmuf&Sdw,f?'Dv,f{u(1000)ukd
jrefrmekdifiHawmftpkd;&tm; tyfESifhay;qyfvkdufyghr,f? ,QKv,fukdcsufcsif;r,lao;&if/
v,fajr jynfol ykdif odrf;+yD;wJhaemuf xm;wJhwefbkd;twkdif;qkH;jzwfwmaygh? ykdufqHr&SdayrJhcg;awmhrvS&ifom&Sdr,f
0rf;awmh0Ekdifygao;w,f? usaemfzcifoawmwl+yD;jzpfwmukdusaemfod+yD;jzpfw,f/aemufqufvuf+yD;wjynfvkH;oabmaygufatmifvkyfjy&ygtkH;r,f?
'DjyifudpPwck&Sdao;w,f? 'guawmhwjcm;r[kwfbl;/ emrnf}uD;aewJh tif;pdefudpPygbJ/
u&ifawG aoewf vufeuf awGazguf,loGm;=uw,fvkdhqkd=uw,f/owif;pmawGuvnf; bmrqkd
u&ifawGqkd+yD;tm;vkH;odrf;}uHK;a&;=uwmbJ/ wckajym vkdwmu tif;pdefrSmjzpfwm
u&ifawmh[kwfygw,f/ 'gayrJh raumif;wJhu&ifvJ&Sd/aumif;wJhu&ifvnf;&Sdavawmh/taumif;eJh
raumif;cJGjcm;a&;=u&efukdvnf; awmif;yefygw,f/
'DudpP[m autJef,ltjypf r[kwfaomfvnf; 'DvufeufawGjyefay;atmif
awmh awmif;yef&tkH;r,f?
u&ifvlaumif;rsm;
vufwGif&Sdaomvufeufrsm;ukd ,aehup+yD; (2)v twGif; jyefxrf;ykdh=uygvkdh awmif;yefygw,f/
'D awmif;yefwJhudpPeJhygwfoufvkdhvJ xdxda&mufa&mufaqmif&Guf=ur,f/ trsdK;om;pdwfr&Sdol
u&ifawGvnf;&Sdygao;w,f/ olwkdhuawmh aoewfawG,ll+yD; rormwJholrsm;vufokdha&mif;pm;csifa&mif;pm;rSmbJ/
'gawG[mvnf; rqkdifayrJh tyfatmifvkyf &rSmbJ/rtyf&ifawmhqkH;r&rSmbJ/usaemftckvkdajymjywJhtwkdif;awmif;yefaqmif&GufvkdhrSr&&if/autJef,llOuUXtaeeJhE_wfxGufvkdufyghr,f?
,QK=uGa&mufvmwJhvl}uD;rif;rsm;[mrSmArm/u&if/ucsif/&Srf;/rGefpojzifhpkaygif;a&mufvm=uaomy&dwfoyfjzpfygw,f/ZpfjrpfukdaocsmpGm=unfhvsSiftm;vkH;aqGrsdK;csnf;jzpfygw,f/cif&maqGrsdK;qkdwmvnf;&Sdygao;w,f?'DusGEkfyfwkdhjynfaxmifpkjrefrmekdifiHawmf}uD;ukdzefwD;vkyfukdifekdif=uwm[mcifrif&if;ESD;wJhaqGrsdK;rsm;jzpf=uvkdhjzpfygw,f?
onfhaemuf
ta&;w}uD;vkyfp&m&Sdwmu &GmawGrSma=umufvefh+yD; w&GmrSw&Gmokdhajymif;a&GhaexkdifwJh
udpPjzpfw,f/ uGefjrLepf awGa=umufvkdhajy;&wmvJ&Sdw,f? wcsdKhu u&ifawGa=umufvkdh
ArmawGajy;&wmawG&Sdw,f/ Armukda=umufvkdh u&ifawG
ajy;&wmawG&Sdw,f? trSefawmh 'D[m vlrormawGa=umifhbJjzpfw,f? 'Dvkd rjzpf&atmif vlllaumif;awGpk+yD; aqmif&Guf&vdrfhr,f/
usaemfwkdhautJef,lu vufvSrf;rSDorSs wm0ef,laqmif&GufoGm;rSmbJ?
rdrdwkdhqkd&me,frSm
ajymif;a&GhxGufajy;oGm;wJh Armrsm;&Sd&if pdwfcsvufcsjyefvmzkdhukd u&ifa&m/
Arma&m aygif;+yD;oGm; a&mufac:,lr,f/ xkdhtwl u&ifrsm;oGm;ac:&ifvnf;
Arma&mu&ifa&maygif;+yD;oGm;ac:r,f/ pdwfcsvufcs oifhrSsaeEkdifatmif umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;&r,f/tajymeJhr+yD;bl;/csufcsif;vkyf&rJhudpPjzpfw,f?
ykodrfrSmusif;y+yD;cJhwJh
usGEkyfwkdhuGefu&uftpnf;ta0;}uD;wGif
Armjynfolvlxku tultnDawmif;ygu wkdif;jynf at;csrf;a&;twGufulnDaqmif&Gufrnf[k twdtvif;qkH;jzwfcsufcs+yD;jzpfw,f/
tultnDawmif;&ifay;zkdhtoifhygbJ/ vkyf&ef pnf;rsOf;rsm;vnf;qJGxm;ygw,f[k
a[majym+yD;ed*kH;csKyfvkdufa=umif;-


Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam id libero non erat fermentum varius eget at elit. Suspendisse vel mattis diam. Ut sed dui in lectus hendrerit interdum nec ac neque. Praesent a metus eget augue lacinia accumsan ullamcorper sit amet tellus.
0 comments:
Post a Comment